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Introduction: Although there are several reports of COVID-19 in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), all of them were retrospective and mono-national-state designs, and none reported vaccination profiles. Method(s): The incidence of COVID-19 infection among PD patients and vaccination profiles of COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 30 September 2021 were retrieved from the survey of PD leaders in the ASEAN countries. Countries were excluded if their infection rates (IR) in PD populations were smaller than the lower limit value of 95% confidence interval (CI) of the overall pooled prevalence of 1.25 reported in kidney failure patients with COVID-19 infection globally, considering the possibility of under-reporting and if the number of PD population is less than 50 cases. Thus, Burma (45 cases, unknown IR), Cambodia (1 case, IR 0%), Indonesia (2,692 cases, unknown IR), Laos PDR (3 cases, IR 33%), and Vietnam (PD 1,500 cases, IR <1%) were excluded. Result(s): Figure 1 demonstrates the incidence of COVID-19 infection in PD populations in selected ASEAN members. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 has gradually increased in all reported countries. The cumulative incidence rate of Singapore reached a plateau in the second quarter of 2020 but has since seen a surge in the third quarter of 2021 with an average incidence of 0.5-1.5 cases per 100 population. Overall IR ranged from 0.1% in Singapore to 23.8% in the Philippines with an average ASEAN IR of 2.6%. The majority of ASEAN had less than half of their populations fully vaccinated, ranging from only 13% in Vietnam to 46% in Brunei. Despite Laos being a low-income country, it was the first ASEAN to vaccinate its population. Singapore had the highest vaccination rates, with 83% and 81% of its population partially and completely vaccinated, respectively. Brunei, albeit being a high-income country, is the last country to roll out vaccination with a tardy vaccination rate, possibly due to the under-preparedness of the government and a false sense of security as Brunei had 15 months of zero cases before the latest wave. The incidence of ASEAN PD patients with COVID-19 infection surged during the second and third quartiles of 2021 despite the vaccine roll-out (Table 1). [Formula presented] Abbreviations: Ad26, Ad26.COV2.S;BBIBP, BBIBP-CorV;BNT, BNT162b2;Covishield, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield);Gam, Gam-COVID-Vac;mRNA, mRNA-1273;Vaxzeria, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzeria) Remarks: Yellow, Conventional inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV [Sinopharm], CoronaVac [Sinovac]);Green, RNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech], mRNA-1273 [Moderna]);Pink, Viral vector vaccines (Gam-COVID-Vac [Sputnik], ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [Covishield], ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [Vaxzeria] and Ad26.COV2.S [Johnson & Johnson]) [Formula presented] Figure 1. Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infected PD patients in selected ASEAN Conclusion(s): Overall IR of the ASEAN PD population varied widely among countries. However, the rollout rate of vaccination lagged behind that of western countries. This should increase efforts to educate their population on the benefits of timely vaccination. There remain a lot of uncertainties regarding COVID-19, and hence there is an urgent need for large prospective studies with international collaboration, to address these questions. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023
RESUMEN
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the immune response post-COVID-19 infection in ESRD with HD patients. Method(s): The blood samples were obtained at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up after each shot or recovery. All participants were measured for anti-spike IgG by the ELISA method using Euroimmun. Result(s): This study found a significant increase in anti-spike IgG after 1 month of two-shot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, followed by a significant decrease after 3 months. On the other hand, the anti-spike IgG was maintained in the post-recovery group. There was no significant difference in the change of anti-spike IgG between oneshot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinated and post-recovery groups for both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. The seroconversion rate for the vaccinated group was 60.32% at one-month after one-shot vaccination and slightly dropped to 58.73% at 3-month followup, then was 92.06% at one-month after two-shot vaccination and reduced to 82.26% at 3-month follow-up. For the recovered group, the seroconversion rate was 95.65% at one-month post-recovery and 92.50% at 3-month follow-up. Conclusion(s): This study established the immunogenicity of two-shot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in ESRD patients with HD for humoral immunity. After COVID-19 infection, the humoral immune response was strong and could be maintained for at least three months.